ບົດຮຽນ ໙ · MODULE C
ສັບພະນາມ
Pronouns and register — social strata
ເນື້ອໃນທີ່ຂຽນຂຶ້ນ · Authored content
The dictionary holds no grammar data. This lesson is drafted to establish the layout; the Lao below carries its provenance, and everything marked composed awaits review by a Lao linguist before it ships.
Lao has a rich array of personal pronouns. Choosing the right pronoun depends on your social relationship with the listener.
Common pairs: ຂ້ອຍ / ເຈົ້າ (standard polite), ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ / ທ່ານ (formal/ceremonial), and widespread kinship terms (ອ້າຍ, ເອື້ອຍ, ນ້ອງ, ປ້າ, ລຸງ).
ໂຄງສ້າງ · The three slots
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ
khaphachao
I (formal)
ປະທານ
subject
ຂໍຂອບໃຈ
kho khop chai
thank
ກິລິຍາ
verb
ທ່ານ
than
you (honored)
ກຳ
object
High formal register for public or official addresses.POS reference →
ການປ່ຽນຮູບ · One sentence, four jobs
Only the highlighted token moves or appears. The three original words never change — no conjugation, no agreement, no tense on the verb.
ທາງການ
formal register
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຂໍຂອບໃຈ ທ່ານ
khaphachao kho khop chai than — I thank you (formal)
ທຳມະດາ
standard everyday
ຂ້ອຍ ຂອບໃຈ ເຈົ້າ
khoi khop chai chao — I thank you (everyday)
ພີ່ນ້ອງ
kinship honorific
ອ້າຍ ຊ່ວຍ ນ້ອງ
ai suay nong — Older brother helps younger sibling
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