ບົດຮຽນ ໙ · MODULE C
ສັບພະນາມ
Pronouns and register — social strata
ເນື້ອໃນທີ່ຂຽນຂຶ້ນ · Authored content
The dictionary holds no grammar data, so this lesson is written rather than extracted. Each Lao line carries its provenance, and everything marked composed is a draft awaiting review by a Lao linguist.
Lao has a rich array of personal pronouns. Choosing the right pronoun depends on your social relationship with the listener.
Common pairs: ຂ້ອຍ / ເຈົ້າ (standard polite), ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ / ທ່ານ (formal/ceremonial), and widespread kinship terms (ອ້າຍ, ເອື້ອຍ, ນ້ອງ, ປ້າ, ລຸງ).
ໂຄງສ້າງ · ໓ slots
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ
khaphachao
I (formal)
ປະທານ
subject
ຂໍຂອບໃຈ
kho khop chai
thank
ກິລິຍາ
verb
ທ່ານ
than
you (honored)
ກຳ
object
High formal register for public or official addresses.POS reference →
ການປ່ຽນຮູບ · One pattern, changed
The highlighted words are the only ones added or swapped. Every other word keeps its exact form — no conjugation, no agreement, no tense on the verb.
ທາງການ
formal register
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຂໍຂອບໃຈ ທ່ານ
khaphachao kho khop chai than — I thank you (formal)
ທຳມະດາ
standard everyday
ຂ້ອຍ ຂອບໃຈ ເຈົ້າ
khoi khop chai chao — I thank you (everyday)
ພີ່ນ້ອງ
kinship honorific
ອ້າຍ ຊ່ວຍ ນ້ອງ
ai suay nong — Older brother helps younger sibling